1. The switch establishes a mapping between the source MAC address in the received data frame and the corresponding switch port, and writes this mapping into its MAC address table.
2. The switch compares the destination MAC address in the data frame with the established MAC address table to determine which port to forward the frame to.
3. If the destination MAC address in the data frame is not in the MAC address table, it is forwarded to all ports. This process is called flooding.
4. Broadcast and multicast frames are forwarded to all ports.
